Ο Δημήτρης Σαλαπάτας διάβασε και
παρουσίασε στο ιστολόγιό του «Londinoupolis» το πολύ ενδιαφέρον νέο βιβλίο του Ομότιμου Καθηγητή του
Πανεπιστημίου του Durham και Ορθόδοξου Ιερέα π. Andrew Louth, με τον τίτλο «Σύγχρονοι Ορθόδοξοι Στοχαστές».
Η παρουσίαση αυτή έχει ως εξής:
Modern
Orthodox Thinkers - From the Philokalia to the present
Andrew
Louth. £19.99. SPCK, 2015
Paperback.
ISBN: 978-0-281-07127-2
Fr Andrew Louth has recently published his new book Modern Orthodox Thinkers
– From the Philokalia to the present, published by SPCK. This book
endeavours to give an introduction to the modern Orthodox theological discourse
and its representatives, making it the ‘standard handbook on the ways of
Orthodox theology in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries,’ as stated by Fr
John Behr.
This book is a revised version of a number of public lectures the author gave
between 2012 and 2014 at the Amsterdam Centre for Eastern Orthodox Studies
(ACEOT), following his previous book (Introducing Eastern Orthodox Theology,
SPCK, 2013), which was also based on public lectures Fr Andrew gave in
Amsterdam. However, his new book gives ‘a history of Orthodox thinkers, rather
than a history of Orthodox thought, or theology,’ (p. xiii.) who were
influenced in one way or another by the Philokalia, returning therefore
Orthodox thinkers and thought to ‘a theology rooted in the Christian experience
of prayer, and all that that entails by way of ascetic struggle and deepening
insight – nourished by the Fathers (and Mothers) of the Church.’ (p. xiii.).
Fr Andrew has endeavoured to give a catholic overview of the influence of the Philokalia
from various Orthodox points of view; thus, he examines the influence this
significant book has had for theologians in Russia, the Russian diaspora in the
West, Greece and the West, observing how these representatives actually come in
contact with each other, producing this new group under the name ‘Modern
Orthodox Thinkers,’ including theologians such as Fr Sergeii Bulgakov, Niloai
Berdyaev, Fr George Florovsky, Paul Evdokimov, Fr Alexander Schmemann,
Metropolitan John of Pergamon (Zizioulas), Christos Yannaras, Elisabeth
Behr-Sigel, Olivier Clement, St Silouan and Fr Sophrony, concluding with
Metropolitan Kallistos of Diokleia, who has an unparalleled impact on the
English-speaking Orthodox. This conclusion is significant, since Metropolitan
Kallistos is closely connected to the Philokalia, ‘both by spearheading
the translation of the Philokalia from Greek to English and by
presenting in his own theological reflections what might well be called a
‘philokalic’ vision of theology.’ (p. xiv.). Interestingly enough, the author
has chosen theologians from various backgrounds; not all of them are
professors, giving examples of theologians who are bishops, priests, laymen,
and also men and women. Furthermore, the fact that the author has personally
met and spoken to many of the theologians examined in this book, is
significant, bringing a further understanding of who they are and what
theological interests they have.
For each theologian, examined in this book, the author gives a brief background
history and then some theological topics, which characterise the works of the
specific person. This is a very interesting approach, identifying each
theologian with a certain key topic, adding to it a number of other issues
examined by each one of them. However, we could argue that in some cases the
author could have considered and examined other theological thoughts, which have
made the theologians unique in their field. Personally, I would of liked it if
for example in Fr Sergeii Bulgakov’s case, where the author examines the nature
of theology, identifying him as a ‘liturgical theologian’ (p. 57) and then
briefly looking into Sophiology, he could argue Bulgakov’s ideas on limited
intercommunion, proposed during a conference of the Fellowship of St Alban and
St Sergius in the 1930s. I would think that this is a more revolutionary and
exciting path to follow. Although not accepted, practically and theoretically
by both the Anglicans and the Orthodox, it is an idea still discussed in
ecumenical gatherings. Additionally, when looking at the examination of
Metropolitan Kallistos of Diokleia and his theological vision of the Philokalia,
it is interesting to see that Fr Andrew also explores the issue of
personhood and the mystery of the human. Anthropology is currently the central
theme of the Official Dialogue between Anglicans and Orthodox, in preparation
for the fourth official statement. However, the author might have liked to
examine a more exciting and thought provoking topic, i.e. women and the
priesthood, whereby the Metropolitan has altered his initial view on this,
questioning the Tradition of the Orthodox Church, promoting the idea of
re-evaluating this topic within Orthodoxy. Despite the author referring to this
crucial issue for modern theology, he does not try to examine it in depth.
Nevertheless, this examination of additional topics could be seen as a future
project, continuing the understanding of modern Orthodox theology.
This
argument shows that perhaps a greater number of theological issues could have
been examined for each theologian, in order to make it a more complete work;
this would, however, be problematic, in respect to the great size of the book
which would be produced. Nevertheless, it is a significant book, allowing for
the initial examination of modern Orthodox thinkers, evidently showing and
highlighting that noteworthy theologians exist in our epoch, permitting for the
furtherance and blossoming of theology today, which strives to argue and find
solutions to difficult and noteworthy questions. This book can be used as a
serious and compact source of modern Orthodox theology, on a university level
(also due to its fantastic further reading section) but also by those who are
interested in current theological trends, not only in respects to the Orthodox
world, but on a pan-Christian level.
