124 Revolutions from 1481 to 1821!

 
It was in 1481 when Krokodeilos Kladas and the Maniot fighters revolted. They reached as far as Epirus and liberated the region of Himara. Unassisted by the West, which had encouraged him, Kladas was captured nine years later and flayed alive.
 

In 1489, the last of the Byzantine imperial house, Andreas Palaiologos, raised the revolutionary flag in Ottoman-occupied Greece. From 1492, the revolutionary wind took the form of a crusade, allied with Charles VIII of France. Five thousand revolutionaries liberated Epirus and a large part of Thessaly. The struggle was so powerful (writes Konstantinos Sathas) that the Turks "withdrew from the coasts and prepared to abandon Constantinople." However, a coalition of Christian states allied against Charles, who was forced to return to France. Left helpless, the Greeks were mercilessly slaughtered. By 1496, the revolution had died out.
 
New revolutionary movements from 1525 to 1533 resulted in the slaughter of Greeks: In Rhodes, of Metropolitan Efthymios and the notables. In the Peloponnese, of the revolutionaries abandoned in Methoni by the Knights of Malta. And, in 1565, the uprising in Epirus—triggered by the devshirme (the forced levy of Christian children)—was drowned in blood.
 
The Battle of Lepanto in 1571, which resulted in the destruction of the Ottoman fleet, gave new hope to the rayahs (oppressed subjects). The alliance of the Venetians, Spaniards, and the Pope prompted a new revolution. The insurgents were abandoned once again. Slaughters followed in Parnassida, Thessaloniki, and the Aegean. The Metropolitans of Patras and Thessaloniki were burned alive.
 
A new uprising broke out in Acarnania and Epirus in 1585: The armatoloi (local Christian militia leaders) Theodoros Bouas Grivas of Vonitsa, and Poulios, Drakos, and Malamos of Epirus liberated Vonitsa, Xiromero, and Arta, and marched toward Ioannina. However, they were defeated, and many were killed.
 
From 1609 to 1624, the Duke of Nevers of France and the Greeks organized an ambitious plan to drive the Turks out of Greece, creating a Christian army that would join the revolutionaries. The plan was never put into effect. However, during these fifteen years, the Maniots revolted several times, while the Metropolitan of Trikala, Dionysios, stirred up the peasants and, in 1616, campaigned against Ioannina and captured the city. He was ultimately defeated, captured, and flayed alive.
 
In 1659, a new Maniot revolution broke out, lasting until 1667. Three years later, the Stefanopoulos family and other Maniots fled to Corsica. Consecutive uprisings of the Greeks, starting from 1660, were instigated by the Venetians. Morosini fought naval battles and waged war against the Turks, reinforced by enthusiastic Greek revolutionaries.
 
From 1711, another great power became involved in Greece: the Tsar of Russia, Peter the Great, issued a proclamation calling on the Greeks to revolt. He named himself "Emperor of the Russo-Greeks," fuelling their imagination. In the churches, they commemorated his name, and the text of Agathangelos prophesied the salvation that "the blonde race would bring." Fifty-five years later, the world-dominating plans of Catherine the Great led to the revolution of 1766 and the Orlov Revolt of 1770. The revolutionaries were abandoned once again. They endured until 1779, when peace was restored to the Peloponnese.
 
The very next year, in 1780, the Turks set out to wipe out the klephts (anti-Ottoman insurgents) of the Peloponnese. The Kolokotronis clan resisted for twelve days and nights in Mani and then made a heroic breakout. Most were lost. The ten-year-old Theodoros Kolokotronis, his mother, and one of his sisters were the only ones who survived.
 
In 1788, the Souliotes revolted. That same year, the small fleet of Lambros Katsonis appeared at sea. He was a chiliarch (colonel) in the Russian army. The warlord Andritsos, with 500 klephts, manned the ships. Until 1790, they smashed the Turks multiple times in naval battles. That year (1790), in a terrible clash between Andros and Euboea, he soundly defeated the Turks at sea but was left with only seven ships. The next day, he found himself between two enemy fleets and was defeated. Lambros Katsonis and Andritsos continued to fight.
 
In 1792, Russia and Turkey signed a peace treaty. Katsonis refused to lay down his arms and issued a proclamation, the famous "Manifesto of Chiliarch Lambros Katsonis," in which he denounced Catherine and declared that the Greeks would gain their freedom on their own. Katsonis and Andritsos were defeated at Cape Tainaron and parted ways. Katsonis retired. Andritsos with his 500 men, fighting for forty days and nights, managed to reach Preveza.
 
The Souliote revolution ended on December 12, 1803, with a treaty that allowed them to leave with their weapons. Ali Pasha, however, broke the truce and pursued them. On December 23, a group of Souliotes found themselves in Riniasa, between Preveza and Arta. Hordes of Albanians fell upon them and slaughtered them. Despo Botsi, with ten daughters, granddaughters, and grandchildren, managed to fortify herself in the Dimoulas tower. The Albanians besieged her. She resisted as long as she could. In the end, they all blew themselves up so as not to fall alive into enemy hands. Kitsos Botsaris managed to reach Agrafa, where the Albanians caught up with him. He fortified himself in a monastery and held out until the following April. Only eighty managed to escape.
 
A new revolutionary wave swept through Greece in 1806, from the Peloponnese to Macedonia, as the Russians and Napoleon's French competed to win over the Greeks. Once again, the insurgents were left to their fate, and the Turks took their revenge out on them. In the Peloponnese, the Turks wanted to finish off the Kolokotronis clan. Theodoros Kolokotronis's companions did not want to leave. They fought for months before being forced to cross over to Kythira and, from there, to Zakynthos. This was followed by the epic exploits of Nikotsaras in Macedonia and Yiannis Stathas in the Aegean, which forced the Sublime Porte to negotiate with the revolutionaries.
 
In 1814, the Filiki Eteria (Society of Friends) was founded. Seven years later, the 124th uprising broke out, leading to freedom.
 
The Greeks struggled and shed blood for centuries for their freedom. It is the best answer to the revisionists of our history who try to convince us that the Greek Nation was "manufactured."